{"id":5213,"date":"2023-04-20T18:39:27","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T16:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pipol11.pipolcongres.eu\/2023\/04\/20\/une-recherche-lexicologique-et-lexicographique-des-mots-patriarche-et-genarque-christos-m-alexandris\/"},"modified":"2023-04-21T07:22:55","modified_gmt":"2023-04-21T05:22:55","slug":"a-lexicological-and-lexicographical-investigation-of-the-words-patriarch-and-genarch-christos-m-alexandris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pipol11.pipolcongres.eu\/en\/2023\/04\/20\/a-lexicological-and-lexicographical-investigation-of-the-words-patriarch-and-genarch-christos-m-alexandris\/","title":{"rendered":"A lexicological and lexicographical investigation of the words patriarch<\/em> and genarch<\/em> \u2013 Christos M. Alexandris<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Meanings of the word patriarch<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

The word patriarch<\/em> (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2<\/em>) is composed of the words \u201c\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u201d (patria<\/em>) and \u201c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u201d (arch\u00e8<\/em>). The meanings of patria<\/em> vary, but its radical comes from the word \u201c\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2\u201d (pat\u00e9ras<\/em>, the father). Patria<\/em> translates as: generation, race, family, home (in the sense of family), lineage, filiation, nation, ethnicity. The word arch\u00e8<\/em> means: to rule, to govern. Patriarch<\/em> means the one who governs a family, a generation, its leader, its master, rather its boss, because this word hides behind it the word father<\/em> (p\u00e8re).<\/em><\/p>\n

Here, I have to raise some objections. The word patriarch<\/em> can also indicate the person who is at the origin of a generation, the father who founded a lineage, because the word patria<\/em> also means father<\/em> (p\u00e8re) <\/em>and the word arch\u00e8<\/em> means the beginning, the start, the origin, the starting point. In short, it seems that the patriarch is the one from whom a generation develops, but it does not belong to biological nature that this patriarch lives \u2013\u00a0I don’t know for how long\u00a0\u2013 in order to govern it.<\/p>\n

The patriarch as a father is only at the origin of a generation whose guiding thread is logos<\/em>. This patriarch cannot be anything other than a flesh-and-blood human being. All the patriarchs were men, and this is where the difference between the notions patriarch<\/em> and genarch<\/em> comes in.<\/p>\n

History and etymology of the words <\/strong>patriarch<\/em><\/strong>, patriarchy<\/em>, patriarchal<\/em> and matriarchy<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

To better illustrate this difference, we refer to the history of these words starting with the fact that the word patriarch<\/em> was not inserted into language until the third century BC. That was done through the translation of the Bible into Greek language by seventy-two bilingual Jewish scholars, known as the Translation of the Seventy (the Septuagint) or the O\u00a0<\/em>Translation<\/em>[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Patriarch<\/em> is a new invented term, coined out of a desire to follow the Jewish tradition. I could not find the meaning of the Hebrew words \u201cr\u00f4ch\u00e9 aboth\u201d. For \u201cr\u00f4ch\u00e9\u201d it is probably the word \u201crosh\u201d: leader, beginning, governor. \u201cAboth\u201d may mean dense, bushy, intertwined foliage, or \u201chead of the family\u201d, but it is only in the New Testament<\/em> that the term refers to the early patriarchs. We can see that the word has its roots in the ecclesiastical tradition and that the use of the word p<\/em>\u00e8<\/em>re<\/em> (father)<\/em> in the translation is an abuse.<\/p>\n

The word patriarchal<\/em> appears in 1680 and the word patriarchate<\/em> in 1491, despite the fact that they are first found in 1400 and 1280 respectively \u2013\u00a0in 1400 the word patriarchal<\/em> probably had a special, different meaning. It seems that these words permeated everyday life through the Christian tradition and religion which won its ultimate victory almost 500 or 600 years after Jesus Christ. An indisputable proof is the fact that the English word Patriarchy<\/em>, in the sociological sense of a family based on male kinship and paternal power, and of a social structure or organisation based on the patriarchal family, was coined in 1626 by Sir Francis Bacon, who quotes it only once.<\/p>\n

The word matriarchy<\/em> and the theory around it appeared in 1889 or 1894, and were elucidated by legal theorists concerned with women\u2019s rights, the most famous of them being Johann Jakob Bachofen who also used the word gynecocracy<\/em>. These discussions about matriarchy<\/em> inspired Friedrich Engels to develop his ideas on communism.<\/p>\n

The inevitable deduction is that the father began to raise issues as early as the third century BC. Was it the invented word or the function of the father that began to disturb humanity at the time?<\/p>\n

Genarch<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

In fact, in the fourth century BC, it was the word genarch<\/em> which was predominant. It was a real headache to find this word in French language; it is only identified in French on a website, the CNRTL[2]<\/a>. Nevertheless, it has been part of the Greek language since the fourth century BC. \u201c\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2\u201d which, according to Hepites, is the first of a generation; the one who rules, who is at the origin of a generation, a race, etc. It is never translated into French as patriarch<\/em>, but as anc\u00eatre (ancestor), a\u00efeul<\/em> (from the Latin avus<\/em>, which is the grandfather and, therefore, the ancestor), g\u00e9niteur (genitor), fondateur (founder)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

From the O\u00a0Translation<\/em> onwards, a shift was made and the word genarch<\/em> could not in any way answer the questions that emerged. It is the kingdom of the father that burst into the world.<\/p>\n

From there, we return to the difference between patriarch<\/em> and genarch<\/em>, since the latter does not come from the word p\u00e8re (father). In antiquity, the existence of a concrete father, with a body, was never mentioned. Even if all people had parents, their origins are lost in times when ancestors were mythical persons.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References from the autor.
\nThis research was based on:<\/p>\n